Liquid fuel combustion apparatus



June 30, .1936. G. E. BJGRKLUND LIQUID FUEL COMBUSTION APPARATUS Filed March 21, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet l June 30, 1936.

G. E. BJORKLUND LIQUID FUEL COMBUSTION APPARATUS Filed March 21, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 LIQUID 'FUELfiOMBUSTION APPARATUS -Gustaf Erik Bjiirklund, Lidingo, Swedemassignor to Svenska Akticbolaget .Gasaccumulator, Stockholm, Sweden, a corporation of Sweden Application March 21, 1934, "Serial No. 716,554 :In Sweden DecemberE1-3, 1933 12 Claims. ((1158-36) The present invention relates to fuel combusparatus for .carrying the invention into effect. tion and has particular reference to liquid fuel In the accompanying drawings forming a part combustion .apparatusof-the kind-in which liqof thisspecification: uid fuel .is vaporized alternatively in different Fig. 51.:is .a vertical sectional view, partly .in

5 fuel vaporizers .to provide a continuous supply'of elevation, of apparatus embodying the inven- 5 vaporized fuelforcombustion in a burner. -=-Still tion;

more particularly, 'the invention relates to fuel Fig. 21is a side elevation partly in section of combustion apparatus for. use in cook stoves and part of=the apparatus shown in Fig. land lookthe like "of thekind disclosed in'the application ing'from the left of Fig. 1; and

ofaGustafiDalen,.SerialNo. 695;S-82,.filed October .Fig.f3 is :a 'se'ctiontaken on .the line 3-3 of 30, 1933. Fig. 1.

.In apparatus :of the kind above rreferred. to, Referring now particularly *to ;Fig. '1, the inliquid hydrocarbon fuel, such, :for example, as vention is shown as applied to the fuel combusfuel oil, is vaporized bybieing brought into contion apparatusfora domestic cook stove of:the tact with a hot vaporizing surface and, as a at ac u t yp l5 result-of "the vaporization of the fuel, coke-like dersto'od thatttheinvention is not limited :in its deposits rof r'heavy'rhydrocarbon' are formed :on application to this particular use. the vaporizing surface, which deposits in time 1111 iithe apparatus illustrated a burner is indiinterfere withtthe proper vaporization of thefuel. cated generally at IU, which, insofar as the pres- 20 In -o-rder to-cvercome the-difliculties arising'beentiinvention isconcerned, may be Of y fillit- 20 cause --of :the formation :of coke deposits a-pluable rkind for :continuousburning of fuel vapor. ralityof vaporizing surfaces :in separatevapor- In the zform illustrated, the burner Comprises izers'are used, vwhich are alternatively employed an outer sleeve l2, an intermediate perforated to supply vaporized fuel =to :a given combustion sleeve M and aninner sleeve [6. Air for comdevice or'burner. In suchcarrangements,the -supbustion'is admittedthroughithe channel 18 :to 25 ply'of :fuel is shifted from an active vaporizer the interior (of sleeve 16, and also is admitted after it has been in use long enough'for ra :coke fromithechamberlfl to the space-between sleeves deposit approaching objectionable magnitude to l2 and 5M. iFuelrvapor is admitted tothe space form, to-aninactivevaporizerin which coke a'de- 22 vWhich=CommlmiGillies'llvitl'ftl'le Space "between posited'duringprevious activity-has beenremoved Sleeves and The Space 22 'p 30 by combustion. a recessorsocketin a metal burner'base indi- In;previous formsof apparatusof thischarac- Gatedigcnerallyiat24,'WhiGh providesliwcvaporter, the shiftingofthe 'fuel supply im un to izing-chambers 26 and 28. Chambers'ZB and :28 another vaporizerl-has been :effected manually. are-closedi-by a suitable cover plate 30 and are The -kinds of devices for which the fuel comprovided respect v y With Openings through 35 bustion apparatus is particularly adapted are which vaporized fuel flows to the space '22 :by ordinarily under'the supervision'of unskilled opway of port 36. erators, andzconsequently the shifting of the fuel Mounted :above the vap Chambers a supply att-heproper timecarmo't be relied upon, casingI3-3iprovi'ding'two chambers (see Fig. 3) 40 40 particularly'since the time interval elapsingabeand '42, thes'former being in communication with 40 tween the required shiftin-gs of position of the c'hamber'ZB'by way of pipez td and the latter being fuel-supplying apparatus is .usually rather long, in communicationwith chamber '28 byway of pipe and consequently the required shifting is rela- 4 6; Chambers-Aiiand 412 are separated by a partively easily forgotten. tition formedin part by a block-like member. 48

"The Vgeneralobject of the .present invention is having curved contact surfaces Bilandzmounted 45 to provide means whereby thesupplyof fuel will for oscillating movement in the casing 38. Exbe automatically directed todifferent vaporizers tending transversely from the block 48 are two in accordance with the requirements of the appipes "5'2:and Mgthe open ends of whichare reparatus. spectively abovethe pipe connections 44 and :46.

50 The manner in which the above and other 010- The pipes 52=and 54 are'in communication with 50 jects of 'the invention areattainedytogether with acentral'passage'fifi in block ml and passage 1:56 the -more detailed nature of the invention and ism-communication with a pipe:58 located atthe the advantages to be derived from its use may axisof oscillation of block 48. :iOpenings forLthe W best 'be'unders'tood from a-t-zonsideration of the admission of air to chambers'dfland 42 are pro- 55 following descriptionof apreferred form of apvideo. at fic and'fifi. "Pipe '58 is suitably-journalled 55 its sm ATENT OFFIE in cover plate 64 of casing 38 and may also be advantageously journalled in the outer cover plate 66. At its outer end pipe 58 has fixed thereto a receptacle 68, the interior of which is in communication with the pipe, and which is located below a fuel supply nozzle I8 to which fuel is admitted through the pipe I2 from the supply tank I4. Regulation of the amount of fuel is effected by any suitable means as, for instance, the nozzle. control member I6 which is advantageously responsive to a thermostat (not shown) A bracket I8 fixed to plate 66 provides a pivot support 86 for an upwardly extending arm 82 at the upper end of which is fastened the transversely extending part 84 provided with spaced arms 86 and 88. The receptacle 68 is located between arms 86 and 88. A pipe is secured to the arm 82 by means of a clamp 92, and the ends of this pipe extend into and serve to support two closed vessels 94 and 96. Vessels 94 and 96 and pipe 99 provide a closed space which is advantageously evacuated of air and is partially filled with a' liquid having a relatively moderate vaporizing temperature, such as benzol, such liquid being indicated at 98 in Fig. 2. Extending laterally from the plate 66 are two metal heat conducting members I 68 and I 82, the outer ends of which are respectively beneath the vessels 94 and 96. The outer ends of members I68 and I82 are preferably provided with surfaces complementary to the surfaces of the vessels 94 and 96. In the embodiment illustrated, vessels 94 and 96 are cylindrical in form and the parts I88 and I82 are curved to the same radius as the cylinders. Parts I66 and I82 are further respectively provided with adjustable screws I94 and I86 adapted to respectively contact vessels 94 and 96.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows: fuel from the nozzle It falls into the receptacle 66 from which it flows through pipe 58 to one or the other of the vaporizing chambers 26 or 28 depending upon the position of rotation of the pipe 58 carrying the transverse pipes 52 and 54. The length and position of these latter pipes are such that fuel flowing through pipe 58 will flow only through one or the other of these pipes and not simultaneously through both when the pipes are inclined. Fuel flowing from pipe 52 drops to the vaporizing surface I88 of chamber 26, and fuel flowing from pipe 54 drops to the vaporizing surface H9 of chamber 28. Both of these surfaces are continuously maintained at a temperature sufficiently high to vaporize fuel by conduction of heat through the base 24 from the. combustion zone of the burner. A small quantity of air is continuously admitted to both vaporizing chambers through the supply openings 68 and 62, and this relatively small amount of air is continuously drawn through both vaporizing chambers by the draft induced by the burner. When fuel is being directed to one of the vaporizing chambers for vaporization therein, the. air flowing through the other, or inactive, chamber provides oxygen for slowly burning away the residual deposit of coke or the like formed by previous active use of the at the moment inactive chamber.

From Fig. 2 it will be evident that the pivot point 88 is located below the center of gravity of the mass represented by the vessels 94 and 96, the liquid contained in them, and the other parts connected to move about the pivot. The position of the vessels 94 and 96 will therefore depend upon the relative mass of liquid in the two vessels, and, depending upon the distribution of the liquid, the parts mounted for oscillation about the pivot 86 will be either in the position shown in Fig. 2 or in an opposed position with the vessel 94 in contact with the part I89 or the adjustment screw I84. With the parts as shown in Fig. 2, the arm 86 of the member 84 will have moved the receptacle 68 to the position shown in this figure, and the pipe 52 will be in the position shown in Fig. 3 for causing the fuel to be delivered to the vaporizing chamber 26. With the movable parts in the positions shown, the vessel 98 will be in heat transmitting relation with the part I02, which is constantly maintained at elevated temperature by heat derived from the burner. The heat supplied to the vessel 96 from the part I62 vaporizes the liquid in the vessel, and the vapor, passing to the colder vessel 94 is condensed therein so that the gradual transfer of the liquid from vessel 96 to vessel 94 takes place. After suflicient liquid has thus been transferred from the lower to the higher vessel, the system of parts oscillating about the pivot point 89 becomes overbalanced and changes position so that the vessel 94 comes in contact with the member I66 and the vessel 96 is moved out of contact with member I02. The heat now transmitted from member I88 to the vessel 94 vaporizes the liquid therein, which flows to and is condensed in vessel 96 until the system is again over-balanced and returns to its original position. It will thus be evident that due to the alternative transmission of heat to the two vessels, the position of the oscillating system of parts including these vessels, is automatically shifted from one to the other of two positions. The length'of time required for shifting the position of this system is regulated by means of the adjusting screws I 04 and I96 by means of which the position of the liquid containing vessels relative to the partsIIlIl and I92 may be altered to change the rate of heat transmission through these parts to the vessels. of its two positions, the system of oscillating parts comprising the liquid containing vessels moves the receptacle 68 from one to another of two positions, from one of which fuel is directed through pipe 52 to chamber 26, and from the other of which fuel is directed through pipe 54 to chamber 28. In order to insure the desired quick and positive shifting of the receptacle 68 and associated parts from one to the other of these positions, the arms 86 and 88 are relatively widely spaced apart to provide a lost-motion connection between the two independently movable systems of parts. By providing this lost-motion connection, movement of the parts comprising the liquid containing vessels is initiated upon over-balancing of the parts without resistance from the parts comprising the receptacle 68, and the latter system of parts is moved from one to the other of its positions by either arm 86 or arm 88 after the vessels 94 and 96 and associated parts have moved a considerable distance and built up a substantial amount of kinetic energy. Thus, the effect of variations in frictional resistance in the moving parts where friction is most likely to occur, is substantially eliminated and correct timing of the shifting of position of the parts is obtained. It will be evident that many variations in the form and arrangement of the parts may be made without departing from the invention, which is to be understood as including allforms of apparatus falling within the terms of the appended claims when construed as broadlyv as is consistent with the state of the prior art.

In moving from one to the other "What. I..claim is:

' 1. In liquid fuel combustion i'apparatus, :two vaporizers adapted to vaporize liquid '='.fuel ifor combustion. in a burner; and :to be heated by heat derived fromkth'e burner, :meansincluding azpart movable to direct liquid fuel to-one for the'other of said vaporizers, means comprising :two com,- municating'liquidcontaining vessels mounted to move todiiferentpositions in response to changes in the relativeamounts'of liquid in the two vessels for shifting the position of said'movablepart, and means for supplying heat alternatively to one or the other of said vessels to vaporize liquid therein.

2. 'In liquid'fuelscombustion apparatus, a burner, two Vaporizers in heat conducting relation with said burner for vaporizing liquid fuel for combustion inth'e burner, means including a part movable rto direct liquid fuel to one or the other of said vaporizer-s, means comprising two communicating liqui'dcontaining vessels mounted to moveto dlfferentpositions in response 'to changes in the relative amounts of liquid in the two vessels for shifting the position of said movable part, and means for supplying heat derived from said burner alternatively to one orjthe other of said vessels to vaporize the liquid therein.

3. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, a burner,'two Vaporizers in heat oonductingrelation with said burner for vaporizing liquid fuel for combustion in the burner, means including a part movable to direct liquid fuel to one or' the other of said Vaporizers, means comprising two communicating liquid containing vessels mounted to move to different positions in response to changes in the relative amounts of liquid in the two vessels for shifting the position of said movable part, means for conducting heat derived from said burner alternatively to one or the other of said vessels, and means for regulating the rate at which heat is conducted to said vessels.

4. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, a plurality of Vaporizers adapted to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in a burner, means including a part mounted to move to different positions to alternatively supply fuel to different Vaporizers, means including two communicating closed liquid containing vessels pivoted below the center of gravity of the last-mentioned means to oscillate to one or the other of two positions dependent upon the relative amounts of liquid in the two vessels and motion transmitting means for causing movement of said part from a position supplying fuel to one vaporizer to a position supplying fuel to a different vaporizer due to movement of said vessels from one to the other of said two positions, and means for supplying heat alternatively to one or the other of said vessels to vaporize the liquid in the vessel to which heat is being supplied.

5. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, a plurality of Vaporizers adapted to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in a burner, means including a part mounted to move to different positions to alternatively supply fuel to different Vaporizers, two evacuated and communicating liquid containing vessels mounted to move to one or the other of two positions dependent upon the relative amounts of liquid in the two vessels, motion transmitting means for moving said part from a position supplying fuel to one vaporizer to a position supplying fuel to a different vaporizer due to movement of said vessels from one to the other of said two positions, and means for supplying heat alternatively to one or the other of said vessels *to vaporize theli'quidin the vessel :to which heatis beingsupplied. 16. In liquid :fuel combustion apparatus, .alplurality :of t-vaporizers adapted to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in a burner, a firstrsystem of parts Jmovable to :different EIJOSitiOIlS to direct fuel to different Vaporizers, a second system of movable parts including two communicating liquid :containing vessels, said second system of parts beingrmounted tomoveto one or the other of two positions :dependent upon the relative amounts of liquid in .the two vessels, motion transmitting 'meansiincluding a lost motion connection forrcausing movement of said first system of .parts .from one to the other of its two positions'due to movement= of said second system of :parts :fro'm one to the oth'er of its two position's, andmeans for supplying heat alternatively toione oritheoth'er 'ofisaid vessels tovaporize the liquid in thevesseltowhich heat is being supplied.

fl.i- In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, two vaporizers adapted to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion .ina burner, a first system of parts mounted to tilt to one or the other of two positions to direct :fuel alternatively to one or the other of said vaporizersra second system of parts comprising two communicating liquid containing vessels, said second system being mounted to tilt to one or the other of two positions dependent upon the relativequantity of liquid in the two vessels and including motion transmitting parts :for causing movement of said first system of parts from one to the other of its positions upon movement of the second system of parts 3 from one to the other of its positions, and means for supplying heat alternatively. to one or the other of said vessels to vaporize the liquid in the vessel to which heat is being supplied.

8. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, two Vaporizers adapted to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in a burner, a first system of parts mounted to tilt to one or the other of two positions to direct fuel alternatively to one or the other of said Vaporizers, a second system of parts comprising two communicating liquid containing vessels, said second system being mounted to tilt to one or the other of two positions dependent upon the relative amount of liquid in the two vessels and including parts operatively associated with said first system to provide a lost motion connection between the two systems whereby to cause the first system to tilt from one to the other of its positions upon movement of the second system from one to the other of its positions, and means for supplying heat alternatively to one or the other of said vessels to vaporize the liiiucild in the vessel towhich heat is being supp ie 9. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, a burner comprising a metal base member providing two Vaporizers adapted to be continuously heated by conduction of heat from the burner and to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in the burner, a first system of parts mounted to tilt to one or therother of two positions to direct fuel alternatively to one or the other of said Vaporizers, a second system of parts comprising two communicating liquid containing vessels mounted to tilt from one to the other of two positions dependent upon the relative amounts of liquid in the vessels and including parts operatively associated with said first system to cause movement of said first system from one to the other of its positions upon movement of said second system from oneto the other of its positions, and means for transmitting heat a1- ternatively to one or the other of said vessels to vaporize, the liquid in the vessel to which heat is being transmitted.

10. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, a burner comprising a metal base member providing two Vaporizers adapted to be continuously heated by conduction of heat from the burner and to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in the burner, two heat transmitting members in heat receiving relation with said burner, a first system of parts mounted to tilt from one to the other of two positions to direct fuel alternatively to one or the other of said Vaporizers, and a second system of parts comprising two communicating liq: uid containing vessels mounted to tilt from one position in which one of the vessels is in heat transmitting relation with one of said heat transmitting members to a second position in which the other of said vessels is in heat transmitting relation with the other of said heat transmitting members, depending upon the relative amounts of liquid in said vessels, said second system including motion transmitting parts whereby movement of said second system of parts from one to the other of its positions causes movement of said first system of parts fromone to the other of its two positions.

11. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, .a burner comprising a metal base member providing two Vaporizers adapted to be continuously heated by conduction of heat from the burner and to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in the burner, two heat transmitting members in heat receiving relation with said burner, a first system of parts mounted to tilt from one to the other of two positions to direct fuel alternatively to'one or the other of said Vaporizers, a second system of parts comprising two communicating liquid containing vessels mounted to tilt from one position in which one of the vessels is in heat transmitting relation with one of said heat transmitting members to a second position in which the other of said vessels is in heat transmitting relation with the other of said heat transmitting members, depending upon the relative amounts of liquid in said vessels, said secondrsystem including motion transmitting parts for causing movement of said second system of parts from one to the other of its positions to move said first system of parts from one to the other of its two positions, and means'for regulating the rate of heat transmission between said heat transmitting members and said vessels.

12. In liquid fuel combustion apparatus, a plurality of vaporizers adapted to vaporize liquid fuel for combustion in a burner and to be heated by heatderived from the burner, means for supplying liquid fuel alternatively to the dilferent Vaporizers, and means for actuating the firstmentioned means to cause fuel to be supplied to a different vaporizer at predetermined intervals including a plurality of liquid containing vessels and heating means deriving heat from the burner for-alternatively heating said vessels to vaporize the liquid therein.

' GUSTAF ERIK BJGRKLUND. 

